Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (3) Definition, Standard and Type of Container

Categories:Industry knowledge
Author:Webmaster
Origin:This site
Time of issue:2017-12-08 08:52
Views:

(Summary description)Definitionofcontainer Regardingthedefinitionofcontainer,therearesomedifferencesbetweendomesticandforeignexpertsandscholarsovertheyears.ThefollowingisthedefinitionofcontainerbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO).ThedefinitionofacontainerundertheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)is"acontainerisatypeoftransportationequipmentandshallmeetthefollowingrequirements: (1)Ithasdurability,anditssturdystrengthisenoughforrepeateduse; (2)Speciallydesignedtofacilitatethetransportationofgoods,noneedtochangetheequipmentduringtransportationinoneormoremodesoftransportation; (3)Equippedwithfacilitiesforeasyloadingandunloadingandhandling,especiallyfortransferringfromonemodeoftransporttoanother; (4)Designshouldpayattentiontotheconvenienceoffillingoremptyingthecargo; (5)Theinternalvolumeis1squaremeterormore. Thetermcontainerdoesnotincludevehiclesortraditionalpackaging. Atpresent,China,Japan,theUnitedStates,FranceandotherrelevantcountriesaroundtheworldhavefullyintroducedthedefinitionoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.InadditiontothedefinitionofISO,therearedefinitionsofcontainersunderthe"ContainerCustomsConvention"(CCC),"InternationalContainerSafetyConvention"(CSC),BritishNationalStandards,andtheNorthAmericanPacificLinerAssociation.Thecontentisbasicallythesame.TheabovedefinitionisquotedinChina'snationalstandardGB1992-85"ContainerNameTerms". ContainerStandard Inordertoeffectivelycarryoutinternationalcontainermultimodaltransport,containerstandardizationmustbestrengthened,andcontainerstandardizationworkshouldbefurtherdone.Accordingtothescopeofuseofcontainerstandards,therearefourtypesofinternationalstandards,nationalstandards,regionalstandardsandcompanystandards. 1.InternationalStandardContainerMeansaninternationalstandardcontainerconstructedandusedinaccordancewithinternationalstandardsformulatedbythe104thTechnicalCommitteeoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO). Containerstandardizationhasgonethroughadevelopmentprocess.SincetheestablishmentoftheISO/TC104TechnicalCommitteeoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationin1961,theinternationalstandardsforcontainershavebeensupplemented,added,subtracted,andmodifiedseveraltimes.Thecurrentinternationalstandardsare13inthefirstseries,withthesamewidth(2438mm)andlength.Therearefourtypes(12192mm,9125mm,6058mm,2991mm)andfourheights(2896mm,2591mm,2438mm,2438mm). 2.NationalStandardContainer Governmentgovernmentsmakereferencetointernationalstandardsandtakeintoaccounttheirspecificconditionstodeveloptheirowncontainerstandards. Externaldimensions,limitdeviations,andratedweightsofvarioustypesofcontainersinChina'scurrentnationalstandard"ContainerExternalDimensionsandRatedWeights"(GB1413-85). 3.RegionalStandardContainer Thestandardsforsuchcontainersareformulatedbyregionalorganizationsaccordingtothespecialcircumstancesoftheregion,andsuchcontainersareonlyapplicabletotheregion.SuchascontainersconstructedaccordingtothecontainerstandardsestablishedbytheEuropeanInternationalRailwayUnion(VIC).4.Companystandardcontainer Forsomelargecontainershippingcompanies,thecontainershippingcompanystandardsformulatedaccordingtothecompany'sspecificconditionsandconditions,suchcontainersaremainlyusedwithinthecompany'stransportationscope.SuchastheUnitedStatesSeaandLandCorporation's35ftcontainer. Inaddition,therearestillmanynon-standardcontainersintheworld.Forexample,non-standardlengthcontainersincludethe35ftcontaineroftheUnitedStatesSeaandLandCompany,and45ftand48ftcontainersofthePresidentialShippingCompany;non-standardheightcontainersinclude9ftand9.5ftcontainers;non-standardwidthcontainersinclude8.2ftcontainers.Drivenbyeconomicbenefits,thetotalweightof20ftcontainersintheworldiscurrentlyincreasingto24ft,andisgenerallywelcomed. Typesofcontainers Withthedevelopmentofcontainertransportation,inordertomeettheneedsofloadingdifferenttypesofcargo,differenttypesofcontainershaveappeared.Thesecontainersarenotonlydifferentinappearance,butalsodifferentinstructure,strengthandsize.Thereareseveraltypesaccordingtothepurposeofthecontainer. 1.DryCargoContainer Alsocalledgeneralcargocontainer,thisisageneral-purposecontainerforgeneralcargoesotherthanliquidcargo,temperature-adjustedcargo,andspecialcargo.Thiskindofcontainerhasaverywiderangeofuse.Itiscommonlyusedin20ftand40ft.Itsstructuralcharacteristicsareoftenclosed.Generally,thereareboxdoorsatoneendorside. 2.OpenTopContainer Alsocalledopen-topcontainer,thisisacontainerwithoutarigidboxroof,butacanopymadeofcanvas,plasticclothorplasticcoatedclothsupportedbyafoldableroofbeam.Othercomponentsaresimilartocargocontainers.Open-topcontainersaresuitableforloadinglargeandlargecargoesandheavycargoestobehoisted. 3.Platformandplatformcontainers(PlatformBasedCOntainer) Thegantrytypecontainerisacontainerwithoutatopandasidewall,andevenwithanendwallremoved,andonlyabottomplateandfourcornerposts. Therearemanytypesofgantrycontainers.Theirmainfeatureis:inordertomaintaintheirlongitudinalstrength,theboxbottomisthicker.Thestrengthofthebottomoftheboxisgreat

Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (3) Definition, Standard and Type of Container

(Summary description)Definitionofcontainer Regardingthedefinitionofcontainer,therearesomedifferencesbetweendomesticandforeignexpertsandscholarsovertheyears.ThefollowingisthedefinitionofcontainerbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO).ThedefinitionofacontainerundertheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)is"acontainerisatypeoftransportationequipmentandshallmeetthefollowingrequirements: (1)Ithasdurability,anditssturdystrengthisenoughforrepeateduse; (2)Speciallydesignedtofacilitatethetransportationofgoods,noneedtochangetheequipmentduringtransportationinoneormoremodesoftransportation; (3)Equippedwithfacilitiesforeasyloadingandunloadingandhandling,especiallyfortransferringfromonemodeoftransporttoanother; (4)Designshouldpayattentiontotheconvenienceoffillingoremptyingthecargo; (5)Theinternalvolumeis1squaremeterormore. Thetermcontainerdoesnotincludevehiclesortraditionalpackaging. Atpresent,China,Japan,theUnitedStates,FranceandotherrelevantcountriesaroundtheworldhavefullyintroducedthedefinitionoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization.InadditiontothedefinitionofISO,therearedefinitionsofcontainersunderthe"ContainerCustomsConvention"(CCC),"InternationalContainerSafetyConvention"(CSC),BritishNationalStandards,andtheNorthAmericanPacificLinerAssociation.Thecontentisbasicallythesame.TheabovedefinitionisquotedinChina'snationalstandardGB1992-85"ContainerNameTerms". ContainerStandard Inordertoeffectivelycarryoutinternationalcontainermultimodaltransport,containerstandardizationmustbestrengthened,andcontainerstandardizationworkshouldbefurtherdone.Accordingtothescopeofuseofcontainerstandards,therearefourtypesofinternationalstandards,nationalstandards,regionalstandardsandcompanystandards. 1.InternationalStandardContainerMeansaninternationalstandardcontainerconstructedandusedinaccordancewithinternationalstandardsformulatedbythe104thTechnicalCommitteeoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO). Containerstandardizationhasgonethroughadevelopmentprocess.SincetheestablishmentoftheISO/TC104TechnicalCommitteeoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationin1961,theinternationalstandardsforcontainershavebeensupplemented,added,subtracted,andmodifiedseveraltimes.Thecurrentinternationalstandardsare13inthefirstseries,withthesamewidth(2438mm)andlength.Therearefourtypes(12192mm,9125mm,6058mm,2991mm)andfourheights(2896mm,2591mm,2438mm,2438mm). 2.NationalStandardContainer Governmentgovernmentsmakereferencetointernationalstandardsandtakeintoaccounttheirspecificconditionstodeveloptheirowncontainerstandards. Externaldimensions,limitdeviations,andratedweightsofvarioustypesofcontainersinChina'scurrentnationalstandard"ContainerExternalDimensionsandRatedWeights"(GB1413-85). 3.RegionalStandardContainer Thestandardsforsuchcontainersareformulatedbyregionalorganizationsaccordingtothespecialcircumstancesoftheregion,andsuchcontainersareonlyapplicabletotheregion.SuchascontainersconstructedaccordingtothecontainerstandardsestablishedbytheEuropeanInternationalRailwayUnion(VIC).4.Companystandardcontainer Forsomelargecontainershippingcompanies,thecontainershippingcompanystandardsformulatedaccordingtothecompany'sspecificconditionsandconditions,suchcontainersaremainlyusedwithinthecompany'stransportationscope.SuchastheUnitedStatesSeaandLandCorporation's35ftcontainer. Inaddition,therearestillmanynon-standardcontainersintheworld.Forexample,non-standardlengthcontainersincludethe35ftcontaineroftheUnitedStatesSeaandLandCompany,and45ftand48ftcontainersofthePresidentialShippingCompany;non-standardheightcontainersinclude9ftand9.5ftcontainers;non-standardwidthcontainersinclude8.2ftcontainers.Drivenbyeconomicbenefits,thetotalweightof20ftcontainersintheworldiscurrentlyincreasingto24ft,andisgenerallywelcomed. Typesofcontainers Withthedevelopmentofcontainertransportation,inordertomeettheneedsofloadingdifferenttypesofcargo,differenttypesofcontainershaveappeared.Thesecontainersarenotonlydifferentinappearance,butalsodifferentinstructure,strengthandsize.Thereareseveraltypesaccordingtothepurposeofthecontainer. 1.DryCargoContainer Alsocalledgeneralcargocontainer,thisisageneral-purposecontainerforgeneralcargoesotherthanliquidcargo,temperature-adjustedcargo,andspecialcargo.Thiskindofcontainerhasaverywiderangeofuse.Itiscommonlyusedin20ftand40ft.Itsstructuralcharacteristicsareoftenclosed.Generally,thereareboxdoorsatoneendorside. 2.OpenTopContainer Alsocalledopen-topcontainer,thisisacontainerwithoutarigidboxroof,butacanopymadeofcanvas,plasticclothorplasticcoatedclothsupportedbyafoldableroofbeam.Othercomponentsaresimilartocargocontainers.Open-topcontainersaresuitableforloadinglargeandlargecargoesandheavycargoestobehoisted. 3.Platformandplatformcontainers(PlatformBasedCOntainer) Thegantrytypecontainerisacontainerwithoutatopandasidewall,andevenwithanendwallremoved,andonlyabottomplateandfourcornerposts. Therearemanytypesofgantrycontainers.Theirmainfeatureis:inordertomaintaintheirlongitudinalstrength,theboxbottomisthicker.Thestrengthofthebottomoftheboxisgreat

Categories:Industry knowledge
Author:Webmaster
Origin:This site
Time of issue:2017-12-08 08:52
Views:

Definition of container

Regarding the definition of container, there are some differences between domestic and foreign experts and scholars over the years. The following is the definition of container by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The definition of a container under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is "a container is a type of transportation equipment and shall meet the following requirements:

(1) It has durability, and its sturdy strength is enough for repeated use;

(2) Specially designed to facilitate the transportation of goods, no need to change the equipment during transportation in one or more modes of transportation;

(3) Equipped with facilities for easy loading and unloading and handling, especially for transferring from one mode of transport to another;

(4) Design should pay attention to the convenience of filling or emptying the cargo;

(5) The internal volume is 1 square meter or more.

The term container does not include vehicles or traditional packaging.

At present, China, Japan, the United States, France and other relevant countries around the world have fully introduced the definition of the International Organization for Standardization. In addition to the definition of ISO, there are definitions of containers under the "Container Customs Convention" (CCC), "International Container Safety Convention" (CSC), British National Standards, and the North American Pacific Liner Association. The content is basically the same. The above definition is quoted in China's national standard GB1992-85 "Container Name Terms".

Container Standard

In order to effectively carry out international container multimodal transport, container standardization must be strengthened, and container standardization work should be further done. According to the scope of use of container standards, there are four types of international standards, national standards, regional standards and company standards.

1. International Standard Container

Means an international standard container constructed and used in accordance with international standards formulated by the 104th Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Container standardization has gone through a development process. Since the establishment of the ISO / TC104 Technical Committee of the International Organization for Standardization in 1961, the international standards for containers have been supplemented, added, subtracted, and modified several times. The current international standards are 13 in the first series, with the same width (2438mm) and length. There are four types (12192mm, 9125mm, 6058mm, 2991mm) and four heights (2896mm, 2591mm, 2438mm, 2438mm).

2. National Standard Container

Government governments make reference to international standards and take into account their specific conditions to develop their own container standards.

External dimensions, limit deviations, and rated weights of various types of containers in China's current national standard "Container External Dimensions and Rated Weights" (GB1413-85).

3. Regional Standard Container

The standards for such containers are formulated by regional organizations according to the special circumstances of the region, and such containers are only applicable to the region. Such as containers constructed according to the container standards established by the European International Railway Union (VIC).

4. Company standard container

For some large container shipping companies, the container shipping company standards formulated according to the company's specific conditions and conditions, such containers are mainly used within the company's transportation scope. Such as the United States Sea and Land Corporation's 35ft container.

In addition, there are still many non-standard containers in the world. For example, non-standard length containers include the 35ft container of the United States Sea and Land Company, and 45ft and 48ft containers of the Presidential Shipping Company; non-standard height containers include 9ft and 9.5ft containers; non-standard width containers include 8.2ft containers. Driven by economic benefits, the total weight of 20ft containers in the world is currently increasing to 24ft, and is generally welcomed.

Types of containers

With the development of container transportation, in order to meet the needs of loading different types of cargo, different types of containers have appeared. These containers are not only different in appearance, but also different in structure, strength and size. There are several types according to the purpose of the container.

1. Dry Cargo Container

Also called general cargo container, this is a general-purpose container for general cargoes other than liquid cargo, temperature-adjusted cargo, and special cargo. This kind of container has a very wide range of use. It is commonly used in 20ft and 40ft. Its structural characteristics are often closed. Generally, there are box doors at one end or side.

2. Open Top Container

Also called open-top container, this is a container without a rigid box roof, but a canopy made of canvas, plastic cloth or plastic coated cloth supported by a foldable roof beam. Other components are similar to cargo containers. Open-top containers are suitable for loading large and large cargoes and heavy cargoes to be hoisted.

3. Platform and platform containers (Platform Based COntainer)

The gantry type container is a container without a top and a side wall, and even with an end wall removed, and only a bottom plate and four corner posts.

There are many types of gantry containers. Their main feature is: in order to maintain their longitudinal strength, the box bottom is thicker. The strength of the bottom of the box is greater than that of a normal container, while its internal height is lower than that of a normal container. Tie rings are provided on the lower side beams and corner posts to fasten the loaded goods. Bench-type containers are not water-tight, and goods that are afraid of wetness cannot be shipped, which is suitable for loading different types of goods.

The gantry type container can be divided into: open side gantry type, full skeleton gantry type, gantry type with complete fixed end wall, gantry type container with fixed corner posts and bottom plate at the end and so on.

Platform type container is a type of container with only bottom plate and no superstructure. The container is convenient for loading and unloading, and is suitable for loading long and large pieces.

4. Ventilated Container

Ventilation containers are generally provided with ventilation holes on the side walls or end walls, which are suitable for loading goods that do not need to be frozen but need ventilation and prevent sweat, such as fruits and vegetables. If the vent is closed, it can be used as a general cargo container.

5. Reefer Container

This is a container designed for transporting frozen or low-temperature cargo that requires a certain temperature. It is divided into a built-in mechanical refrigerated container with a freezer and an external mechanical refrigerated container without a freezer. Suitable for loading meat, fruits and other goods. The reefer container has a high cost and a high operating cost. In use, attention should be paid to the technical status of the refrigerating device and the temperature required for the goods in the box.

6. Bulk Container

除了 In addition to the container door, the bulk cargo container also has 2 ~ 3 loading ports on the top of the container, which is suitable for loading powdery or granular goods. When using, pay attention to keep the inside of the box clean, and keep the sides smooth to facilitate the unloading of goods from the door.

7. Animal Container (Pen COntainer)

This is a container for livestock. In order to achieve good ventilation, the wall of the box is made of wire mesh, with cleaning and drainage openings under the side walls, and a feeding device.

8. Tank Container

This is a container set up for liquid cargo, such as alcohol, oil and liquid chemicals. It consists of a tank body and a box frame. When loading, the cargo enters through the loading hole on the top of the tank, and when unloading, it flows out from the discharge hole or is sucked out from the top loading hole.

9. Car Container

This is a container designed and manufactured for small cars. Its structural features are no side walls, only a frame and a box bottom, and it can carry one or two layers of cars.

As the container is often affected by various forces and the environment during transportation, the manufacturing materials of the container must have sufficient rigidity and strength. Materials that are light in weight, high in strength, durable, and low in maintenance costs should be used as much as possible. It must be inexpensive and easy to obtain.

At present, the containers widely used in the world are classified according to their main materials as:

1. Steel container

The frame and box wall are made of steel. The biggest advantages are high strength, strong structure, good weldability and water tightness, low price, easy repair, and easy damage. The main disadvantages are self-heavy weight and poor corrosion resistance.

2. Aluminum container

There are two types of aluminum containers: one is a steel frame aluminum plate; the other is only steel at both ends of the frame, and the rest is aluminum. The main advantages are light weight, non-rusting silicon watch, beautiful appearance, good elasticity, and easy deformation. The main disadvantages are high cost and easy damage during collision.

3. Stainless steel container

Generally, tank containers are made of stainless steel. The main advantages of stainless steel containers are high strength, no rust, and good corrosion resistance. The disadvantage is large investment.

4. FRP container

GRP container is made of FRP composite plate on steel frame. The main advantages are good thermal insulation, corrosion resistance and chemical resistance, high strength (good performance, can withstand large stress, easy to clean, easy repair, large container volume, etc .; the main disadvantage is the larger self-weight, Cost is higher.

Scan the QR code to read on your phone

Previous: Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (2) Overview of Multimodal Transport

Next: Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (4) Features and Marks of Container Transportation

Previous: Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (2) Overview of Multimodal Transport

Next: Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (4) Features and Marks of Container Transportation

News

Industry knowledge

Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (3) Definition, Standard and Type of Container

Knowledge of International Container Transportation System (3) Definition, Standard and Type of Container